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Q2(i):
If $U = \{ a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h\}$, find the complements of the following sets : (i) $A = \{a, b, c\}$

Solution :

Step 1: Theoretical Foundation of Complementary Sets

By definition, the complement of a subset $A$ with respect to a universal set $U$, denoted by $A'$ or $A^c$, is the set of all elements that belong to the universal set $U$ but do not belong to the set $A$. [Per the Set Difference definition: $A^c = U \setminus A = \{x : x \in U \text{ and } x \notin A\}$].

Step 2: Identification of Given Data

  • Universal Set ($U$): $\{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h\}$
  • Subset ($A$): $\{a, b, c\}$

Step 3: Systematic Logical Filtering

To determine $A^c$, we iterate through every element of $U$ and apply the exclusion criteria for set $A$:

Element in $U$ Membership in $A$ Include in $A^c$?
$a$YesNo
$b$YesNo
$c$YesNo
$d$NoYes
$e$NoYes
$f$NoYes
$g$NoYes
$h$NoYes

Step 4: Visual Representation via Venn Diagram

U A a, b, c d, e, f, g, h

Step 5: Final Derivation

The complement set $A^c$ comprises the elements remaining in the universal set after removing the intersection of $U$ and $A$.

$A^c = \{x : x \in \{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h\} \text{ and } x \notin \{a, b, c\}\}$

$A^c = \{d, e, f, g, h\}$

Final Solution: The complement of set $A$ is $A^c = \{d, e, f, g, h\}$.


More Questions from Class 11 Mathematics Sets EXERCISE 1.5


CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Sets


Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Mathematics


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