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Q7:
Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of labelled diagrams.
Solution :
1. Anatomical Foundation of the Dorsiventral (Dicot) Leaf
The internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf is characterized by distinct differentiation between the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) surfaces. This is primarily observed in dicotyledonous plants. The cross-section reveals three primary tissue systems: the epidermis, the mesophyll, and the vascular system.
2. Schematic Representation of Internal Anatomy
3. Structural Breakdown & Component Functions
| Component | Anatomical Description | Functional Justification |
|---|---|---|
| Epidermis | Covers both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, covered by a waxy cuticle. | [Protection against water loss and mechanical injury] |
| Mesophyll | Differentiated into Palisade and Spongy parenchyma. | [Primary site of photosynthesis] |
| Vascular System | Composed of xylem and phloem, enclosed by a bundle sheath. | [Transportation of water, minerals, and photosynthetic solutes] |
4. Step-by-Step Anatomical Analysis
Step 1: The Epidermal Layer
The leaf is bounded by an upper and lower epidermis. The adaxial surface usually has a thicker cuticle layer to prevent desiccation [Per cuticle's role in transpiration control]. Stomata are predominantly present on the abaxial epidermis to facilitate gaseous exchange while minimizing water loss.
Step 2: The Mesophyll Differentiation
The mesophyll is distinctly organized [By structural specialization]:
- Palisade Parenchyma: Placed adaxially, these cells are vertically elongated and packed tightly with chloroplasts to maximize light absorption.
- Spongy Parenchyma: Placed abaxially, these cells are oval or round and loosely arranged with large intercellular spaces, facilitating $CO_2$ and $O_2$ diffusion.
Step 3: The Vascular Architecture
Vascular bundles are found in the veins and the midrib. The size of the vascular bundles is dependent on the size of the veins. The xylem is positioned towards the adaxial side (facing the upper epidermis), and the phloem is positioned towards the abaxial side (facing the lower epidermis) [Following the standard collateral bundle arrangement].
Final Solution: The dorsiventral leaf displays a clear spatial segregation of photosynthetic tissues—columnar palisade cells for light capture and spongy parenchyma for gaseous regulation—supported by a robust vascular system to ensure metabolic efficiency.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (a) Monocot root and Dicot root
- Q1(b): Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem
- Q2: Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.
- Q3: The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features - (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
- Q4: What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.
- Q5: Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.
- Q6: How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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