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Q3:
The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features - (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
Solution :
Step 1: Analyzing the Anatomical Descriptors
To identify the plant specimen based on the provided transverse section (T.S.) features, we must perform a differential analysis of tissue distribution patterns:
- Feature (a) Conjoint, scattered vascular bundles: In botany, vascular bundles are classified as conjoint (xylem and phloem on the same radius) and scattered (atactostele). The "atactostele" arrangement—where bundles are dispersed throughout the ground tissue without a distinct separation into cortex and pith—is a diagnostic hallmark of Monocotyledonous stems [Per standard anatomical classification].
- Feature (b) Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath: This provides mechanical strength to the vascular elements. In monocot stems, each vascular bundle is enclosed by a specialized layer of sclerenchymatous cells called the bundle sheath [Structural histology].
- Feature (c) Absence of phloem parenchyma: Phloem parenchyma is typically present in dicot stems but is systematically absent in the vascular bundles of monocot stems [Comparative histological anatomy].
Step 2: Comparative Analysis Matrix
| Feature | Dicot Stem | Monocot Stem |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular Bundle Distribution | Arranged in a ring (eustele) | Scattered throughout (atactostele) |
| Bundle Sheath | Often absent or parenchymatous | Present (sclerenchymatous) |
| Phloem Parenchyma | Present | Absent |
Step 3: Visualizing the Anatomical Cross-Section
Step 4: Deduction and Conclusion
The convergence of these three specific features—scattered vascular bundles (atactostele), the presence of a sclerenchymatous sheath, and the total absence of phloem parenchyma—does not correspond to dicotyledonous stems, which exhibit ring-like arrangements and possess phloem parenchyma. Therefore, the specimen is definitively identified as a Monocotyledonous Stem [By botanical classification of angiosperm anatomy].
Final Solution: The plant material is a Monocotyledonous Stem.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (a) Monocot root and Dicot root
- Q1(b): Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem
- Q2: Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.
- Q4: What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.
- Q5: Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.
- Q6: How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
- Q7: Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of labelled diagrams.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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