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Q10:
Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.

Solution :

Step 1: Theoretical Foundation of Respiration

Respiration is a metabolic process where living organisms produce energy by breaking down complex organic molecules, specifically glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$), in the presence of oxygen ($O_2$). This process occurs within the cells of the organism, primarily in the mitochondria.

Step 2: Chemical Representation of the Process

The overall balanced chemical equation for the aerobic respiration of glucose is as follows:

$C_6H_{12}O_6(aq) + 6O_2(g) \rightarrow 6CO_2(g) + 6H_2O(l) + \text{Energy (ATP + Heat)}$

[Per the Law of Conservation of Mass, the number of atoms of each element remains constant on both sides of the equation.]

Step 3: Justification of Exothermic Classification

An exothermic reaction is defined as a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, light, or sound [Per the Thermodynamic definition of Enthalpy, where $\Delta H < 0$].

  • Bond Energy Analysis: The chemical bonds in the reactants (glucose and oxygen) contain higher potential energy than the bonds in the products (carbon dioxide and water).
  • Energy Release: During the oxidation of glucose, the breaking of high-energy chemical bonds releases a significant amount of heat energy, which is utilized by the organism to maintain body temperature and facilitate various biological activities.
  • Biological Conversion: While much of the energy is stored in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), a substantial portion of the energy is liberated as thermal energy (heat).

Step 4: Visualizing the Energy Transformation

Reaction Progress Reactants Glucose + O₂ Products CO₂ + H₂O Energy Release

Step 5: Comparative Summary

Feature Respiration Context
Primary Reactant $C_6H_{12}O_6$
Process Cellular Oxidation
Energy Status $\Delta H_{negative}$ (Heat Evolved)

Final Solution: Respiration is considered an exothermic reaction because it involves the breakdown of glucose through oxidation, a process that releases energy in the form of ATP and heat to the surrounding environment of the cell.


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