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Class 12 Tuition > Learn Class XI-XII Tuition (PUC) > As a cell begins the process of dividing, its chromosomes...
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As a cell begins the process of dividing, its chromosomes become shorter, thicker, and individually visible in an Light Microscope. Explain what is happening at the molecular level.

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All Organisms Consist of Cells and Arise from Preexisting Cells Mitosis is the process by which new cells are generated. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are generated for reproduction. The Cell Cycle Represents All Phases in the Life of a Cell DNA replication (S phase) must precede mitosis,...
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All Organisms Consist of Cells and Arise from Preexisting Cells Mitosis is the process by which new cells are generated. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are generated for reproduction. The Cell Cycle Represents All Phases in the Life of a Cell DNA replication (S phase) must precede mitosis, so that all daughter cells receive the same complement of chromosomes as the parent cell. The gap phases separate mitosis from S phase. This is the time when molecular signals mediate the switch in cellular activity. Mitosis involves the separation of copied chromosomes into separate cells Unregulated Cell Division Can Lead to Cancer Cell-cycle checkpoints normally ensure that DNA replication and mitosis occur only when conditions are favorable and the process is working correctly. Mutations in genes that encode cell-cycle proteins can lead to unregulated growth, resulting in tumor formation and ultimately invasion of cancerous cells to other read less
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M.Sc. (Botany).B.Ed.

In some cells Chromatin appears as a thread like structures, it undergoes reversible transformation in cells.
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At molecular level, protein help in condensation of chromosome to a much higher degree of compaction using condensins.
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During prophase chromosome become shorter and thicker by coiling. this prevents tangling with other chromosomes. Nuclear envelop disappears. Spindle microtubulin protein are formed. Centromere moving towards opposite poles forming the spindle apparatus of microtubules.
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Spindle microtubulin protein are formed
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At Synthesis phase, DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs, there is simultaneous synthesis of RNA too, as the proteins (histones for eg) required for folding of DNA are needed for packaging..topoisomerases are recruited for supercoiling of DNA..thus what you see under LM is the highy condensed...
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At Synthesis phase, DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs, there is simultaneous synthesis of RNA too, as the proteins (histones for eg) required for folding of DNA are needed for packaging..topoisomerases are recruited for supercoiling of DNA..thus what you see under LM is the highy condensed form of DNA associated with complex proteins that give chromosomes the shape..cell cycles are regulated by important factors referred to as cyclin dependent kinases read less
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