Class 8 Science – Conservation of Plants and Animals

1. Introduction

• Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms in an area.

• Conservation means protecting and preserving this biodiversity.

• Essential for maintaining ecological balance and sustaining life on Earth.

Key Concept:

• Every species has a role in the ecosystem, and loss of one affects others.

2. Importance of Biodiversity

1. Ecological Balance

   • Plants and animals maintain food chains and nutrient cycles.

2. Economic Value

   • Provide food, medicine, timber, fibers, and raw materials.

3. Cultural and Aesthetic Value

   • Nature supports recreation, tourism, and traditional practices.

4. Scientific Importance

   • Studying species helps in research and discovery of medicines.

3. Threats to Biodiversity

• Deforestation → Loss of habitat for plants and animals.

• Hunting and Poaching → Endangerment of species.

• Pollution → Contaminates air, water, and soil.

• Climate Change → Alters ecosystems and threatens species survival.

• Overexploitation → Excessive use of resources reduces populations.

4. Methods of Conservation

1. In-situ Conservation (Within Natural Habitat)

   • Protecting species in their natural environment.

   • Examples: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves.

2. Ex-situ Conservation (Outside Natural Habitat)

   • Protecting species outside their natural environment.

   • Examples: Zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, tissue culture labs.

3. Afforestation and Reforestation

   • Planting trees to restore forests and prevent habitat loss.

4. Wildlife Protection Laws

   • Laws and regulations to prevent hunting, poaching, and illegal trade.

5. Community Awareness and Participation

   • Educating people about the importance of biodiversity.

   • Promotes responsible use of natural resources.

5. Key Points to Remember

• Biodiversity is essential for life and ecosystem stability.

• Conservation protects species from extinction.

• Two main conservation methods:

  • In-situ: Protect species in nature

  • Ex-situ: Protect species outside natural habitat

• Human actions like deforestation, pollution, and hunting are major threats.

• Everyone can contribute by planting trees, reducing pollution, and spreading awareness.