What are the functions of liver?

The liver is a vital organ with numerous functions essential for maintaining overall health and proper bodily function. Some of the key functions of the liver include: Metabolism: Carbohydrate metabolism: The liver helps regulate blood glucose levels by storing excess glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis) and releasing glucose into the bloodstream as needed (glycogenolysis). Lipid metabolism: It synthesizes and metabolizes lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, and helps regulate lipid levels in the blood. Protein metabolism: The liver synthesizes plasma proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, and metabolizes amino acids. Detoxification: The liver plays a central role in detoxifying harmful substances by metabolizing drugs, alcohol, and other toxins. It converts ammonia, a byproduct of protein metabolism, into urea for excretion by the kidneys in the form of urine. Bile Production: The liver produces bile, a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile contains bile salts, which emulsify fats, allowing them to be broken down into smaller droplets and digested more efficiently by lipase enzymes. Storage: The liver serves as a storage reservoir for various nutrients and vitamins, including glycogen (stored glucose), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and iron. It also stores blood, which can be released into the bloodstream when needed to maintain blood volume and pressure. Synthesis of Blood Components: The liver synthesizes several important blood components, including clotting factors (such as fibrinogen and prothrombin) and complement proteins involved in the immune response. Immune Function: The liver contains specialized immune cells called Kupffer cells, which help remove pathogens, dead cells, and other debris from the bloodstream. It also produces acute-phase proteins that contribute to the body's immune response to infection and inflammation. Regulation of Hormones: The liver metabolizes and regulates the levels of various hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones, contributing to overall hormonal balance and metabolic regulation. Overall, the liver plays a central role in numerous physiological processes essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health, making it one of the most vital organs in the human body. read less