Explain the following terms: (i) Electrophoresis (ii) Coagulation (iii) Dialysis (iv) Tyndall effect.

(i) Electrophoresis: The movement of colloidal particles under the influence of an applied electric field is known as electrophoresis. Positively charged particles move to the cathode, while negatively charged particles move towards the anode. As the particles reach oppositely charged electrodes, they become neutral and get coagulated. (ii) Coagulation: The process of settling down of colloidal particles i.e., conversion of a colloid into a precipitate is called coagulation. (iii) Dialysis The process of removing a dissolved substance from a colloidal solution by the means of diffusion through a membrane is known as dialysis. This process is based on the principle that ions and small molecules can pass through animal membranes unlike colloidal particles. (iv) Tyndall effect: When a beam of light is allowed to pass through a colloidal solution, it becomes visible like a column of light. This is known as the Tyndall effect. This phenomenon takes place as particles of colloidal dimensions scatter light in all directions. read less