0Digestive system
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into simple nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy, growth, and repair.
Main Parts of the Digestive System
1. Mouth
- Digestion begins in the mouth.
- Teeth help in chewing food.
- Saliva contains enzymes that start the digestion of starch.
2. Oesophagus (Food Pipe)
- Carries food from the mouth to the stomach through muscular movements called peristalsis.
3. Stomach
- Mixes food with digestive juices.
- Begins the digestion of proteins.
4. Small Intestine
- The main site of digestion and absorption.
- Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi.
5. Large Intestine
- Absorbs water and minerals from undigested food.
- Forms solid waste.
6. Rectum
- Stores waste material before it is removed from the body.
Accessory Organs
Liver: Produces bile juice that helps in fat digestion.
Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Key Points
✔ Digestion converts complex food into simple nutrients.
✔ The small intestine is the main site of absorption.
✔ Villi increase the surface area for absorption.
✔ Bile helps in the digestion of fats.
✔ Peristalsis helps move food through the digestive tract.
Food Pathway:
Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Elimination of Waste
