What is a header guard in a header file?

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Experienced Computer trainer having worked in IT sector for 20 years.

Header guards are designed to ensure that the contents of a given header file are not copied, more than once, into any single file to prevent duplicate definitions. This is a good thing because we often need to reference the contents of a given header from different project files.
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Header guard is a pattern of preprocessor directives that protect your header from being included multiple times.
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