What is a subnet in Amazon VPC, and how are they used?

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Understanding Subnets in Amazon VPC:

1. Definition:

   • A subnet in Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a range of IP addresses in your VPC.
   • It is a logical partition of an IP network into multiple, smaller network segments.

2. Purpose and Usage:

   • Isolation of Resources:
     • Subnets enable the segregation of resources within a VPC, promoting network isolation and enhanced security.
   • Routing Control:
     • Each subnet operates independently and can have its routing tables, providing control over traffic flow.

Key Components of Subnets:

1. CIDR Blocks:

   • Subnets are defined by CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) blocks, specifying the range of IP addresses.

2. Availability Zones:

   • Subnets are associated with a specific Availability Zone (AZ) to distribute resources across multiple data centers for high availability.

Use Cases and Best Practices:

1. Multi-Tier Applications:

   • Subnets facilitate the deployment of multi-tier applications by allocating different components to separate subnets.

2. Public and Private Subnets:

   • Best practice involves creating public subnets for resources requiring direct internet access and private subnets for internal resources.

3. Security Groups and Network Access Control Lists (NACLs):

   • Subnets work in conjunction with security groups and NACLs to control inbound and outbound traffic, enhancing the overall security posture.

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