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Q9(iii):
Let $R$ be a relation from $\mathbb{N}$ to $\mathbb{N}$ defined by $R = \{(a, b) : a, b \in \mathbb{N} \text{ and } a = b^2\}$. Are the following true? (iii) $(a,b) \in R, (b,c) \in R$ implies $(a,c) \in R$. Justify your answer in each case.

Solution :

Step 1: Formal Definition of the Relation

The relation $R$ is defined on the set of natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$ as $R = \{(a, b) : a, b \in \mathbb{N} \text{ and } a = b^2\}$.

The statement to evaluate is the transitivity property: $(a, b) \in R$ and $(b, c) \in R \implies (a, c) \in R$.

Step 2: Analytical Decomposition of the Condition

Let $(a, b) \in R$ and $(b, c) \in R$. By the definition provided in the problem statement, we have:

  • $(a, b) \in R \implies a = b^2$ [Per the definition of the relation $R$]
  • $(b, c) \in R \implies b = c^2$ [Per the definition of the relation $R$]

Step 3: Substitution and Logical Deduction

We substitute the expression for $b$ from the second equation into the first equation to determine the relationship between $a$ and $c$:

$a = (c^2)^2$

$a = c^4$ [By the Law of Indices, $(x^m)^n = x^{m \cdot n}$]

For the condition $(a, c) \in R$ to be true, it must satisfy the definition $a = c^2$. However, we have derived $a = c^4$.

Step 4: Counter-Example Construction

To disprove the statement, we must find a set of values $(a, b, c) \in \mathbb{N}$ that satisfy the antecedent but fail the consequent.

Variable Value
$c$ $2$
$b$ $b = c^2 = 2^2 = 4$
$a$ $a = b^2 = 4^2 = 16$

Testing the condition $(a, c) \in R$ with these values:

  • $(a, c) = (16, 2)$
  • Is $16 = 2^2$? No, $16 \neq 4$.

Since $a = 16$ and $c = 2$, $a \neq c^2$. Therefore, $(16, 2) \notin R$.

Step 5: Visual Representation of the Non-Transitive Mapping

16 4 2 R R Not in R (16 ≠ 2²)

Final Solution: The statement is False. Since $a=b^2$ and $b=c^2$ implies $a=c^4$, and $c^4 \neq c^2$ for $c \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}$, the relation is not transitive. A counter-example is $(16, 4) \in R$ and $(4, 2) \in R$, but $(16, 2) \notin R$.


More Questions from Class 11 Mathematics Relations and Functions Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 2


CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Relations and Functions


Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Mathematics


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