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Q8(b):
(b) Explain what will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a solution having higher water potential.
Solution :
Step 1: Theoretical Basis of Water Potential
Water potential ($\Psi_w$) is the measure of the relative tendency of water to move from one area to another. By definition, water always moves from a region of higher water potential ($\Psi_{w(high)}$) to a region of lower water potential ($\Psi_{w(low)}$) along the concentration gradient [Per the Second Law of Thermodynamics].
Step 2: Defining the Environmental Conditions
When a plant cell is placed in a solution with a higher water potential than its own cytoplasm (a hypotonic solution), the following conditions are met:
- $\Psi_{w(solution)} > \Psi_{w(cell)}$
- Water molecules will migrate across the semi-permeable plasma membrane into the cell [By Osmosis].
Step 3: Cellular Dynamics and Turgor Pressure
As water enters the cell, the following physiological sequence occurs:
- Endosmosis: Water enters the central vacuole, increasing the volume of the cell sap.
- Turgor Pressure ($\Psi_p$): The expanding vacuole pushes the cytoplasm against the rigid plant cell wall. The cell wall exerts an equal and opposite force known as Wall Pressure.
- Full Turgidity: The cell becomes turgid. The rigid cell wall prevents the cell from bursting (lysing), unlike animal cells, due to the high tensile strength of the cellulose framework.
Step 4: Visualizing the Process
Step 5: Mathematical Synthesis
The water potential of the cell is represented by the equation:
$$\Psi_w = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$
Where:
- $\Psi_s$ is the Solute Potential (always negative).
- $\Psi_p$ is the Pressure Potential (increases as water enters).
As water enters the cell, $\Psi_p$ increases until the $\Psi_w$ inside the cell equals the $\Psi_w$ of the external solution, at which point a dynamic equilibrium is reached [Per the Law of Osmotic Equilibrium].
Final Solution: When a plant cell is placed in a solution with a higher water potential, water enters the cell via endosmosis. This causes the cell to become turgid, exerting turgor pressure against the cell wall, which prevents the cell from bursting.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1: What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?
- Q2: What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?
- Q3: Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.
- Q4: Explain why pure water has the maximum water potential.
- Q5(a): Differentiate between the following: (a) Diffusion and Osmosis
- Q5(b): Differentiate between the following: (b) Transpiration and Evaporation
- Q5(c): Differentiate between the following: (c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential
- Q5(d): Differentiate between the following: (d) Imbibition and Diffusion
- Q5(e): Differentiate between the following: (e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants.
- Q5(f): Differentiate between the following: (f) Guttation and Transpiration.
- Q6: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?
- Q7: What happens when a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water or a solution?
- Q8(a): (a) With the help of well-labelled diagrams, describe the process of plasmolysis in plants, giving appropriate examples.
- Q9: How is the mycorrhizal association helpful in absorption of water and minerals in plants?
- Q10: What role does root pressure play in water movement in plants?
- Q11: Describe transpiration pull model of water transport in plants. What are the factors influencing transpiration? How is it useful to plants?
- Q12: Discuss the factors responsible for ascent of xylem sap in plants.
- Q13: What essential role does the root endodermis play during mineral absorption in plants?
- Q14: Explain why xylem transport is unidirectional and phloem transport bi-directional.
- Q15: Explain pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants.
- Q16: What causes the opening and closing of guard cells of stomata during transpiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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