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Q5(f):
Differentiate between the following:
(f) Guttation and Transpiration.
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definitions
Transpiration is the physiological process of the loss of water in the form of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant, primarily through the stomata [Per the Cohesion-Tension Theory].
Guttation is the exudation of liquid water droplets containing dissolved solutes from the hydathodes (specialized pores) at the tips or margins of leaves, typically occurring under conditions of high soil moisture and low evaporation [Per the Root Pressure Theory].
2. Comparative Analysis
| Feature | Transpiration | Guttation |
|---|---|---|
| State of Water | Water vapor (gas) | Liquid water |
| Primary Site | Stomata, lenticels, cuticle | Hydathodes (pores) |
| Occurence | Daytime (usually) | Night or early morning |
| Composition | Pure water | Water with minerals, sugars, organic acids |
| Driving Force | Atmospheric demand (VPD) | Root pressure |
3. Visual Representation of Mechanisms
4. Physiological Significance
- Transpiration: Maintains the ascent of sap by creating a negative pressure potential ($\Psi_p$) in the xylem vessels. It is essential for thermoregulation and the passive absorption of minerals [Referenced in the Transpiration Pull Mechanism].
- Guttation: Generally considered a passive discharge resulting from the accumulation of high root pressure when transpiration is suppressed, specifically when the soil is saturated and the humidity is high [By the Root Pressure Hypothesis].
Final Solution: Transpiration is the regulated loss of water vapor via stomata contributing to nutrient transport via transpiration pull, whereas Guttation is the passive loss of liquid xylem sap via hydathodes driven by excessive root pressure.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1: What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?
- Q2: What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?
- Q3: Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.
- Q4: Explain why pure water has the maximum water potential.
- Q5(a): Differentiate between the following: (a) Diffusion and Osmosis
- Q5(b): Differentiate between the following: (b) Transpiration and Evaporation
- Q5(c): Differentiate between the following: (c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential
- Q5(d): Differentiate between the following: (d) Imbibition and Diffusion
- Q5(e): Differentiate between the following: (e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants.
- Q6: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?
- Q7: What happens when a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water or a solution?
- Q8(a): (a) With the help of well-labelled diagrams, describe the process of plasmolysis in plants, giving appropriate examples.
- Q8(b): (b) Explain what will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a solution having higher water potential.
- Q9: How is the mycorrhizal association helpful in absorption of water and minerals in plants?
- Q10: What role does root pressure play in water movement in plants?
- Q11: Describe transpiration pull model of water transport in plants. What are the factors influencing transpiration? How is it useful to plants?
- Q12: Discuss the factors responsible for ascent of xylem sap in plants.
- Q13: What essential role does the root endodermis play during mineral absorption in plants?
- Q14: Explain why xylem transport is unidirectional and phloem transport bi-directional.
- Q15: Explain pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants.
- Q16: What causes the opening and closing of guard cells of stomata during transpiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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