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Q4:
Name at least five different deficiency symptoms in plants. Describe them and correlate them with the concerned mineral deficiency.
Solution :
Identification of Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms arise when the concentration of an essential element falls below a critical threshold, disrupting physiological and biochemical processes [Per the Law of Minimums by Liebig].
| Deficiency Symptom | Description | Concerned Mineral(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorosis | Loss of chlorophyll leading to yellowing of leaves. Occurs due to impaired synthesis or structural damage to chloroplasts. | $N, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo$ |
| Necrosis | Death of tissues, particularly leaf tissue. Often appears as necrotic spots or marginal scorching. | $Ca, Mg, Cu, K$ |
| Stunted Plant Growth | Reduction in the rate of growth characterized by shortened internodes or inhibited cell division/elongation. | $N, K, S, Ca$ |
| Premature Leaf/Flower Drop | Abscission of leaves or flower buds before maturity, often due to hormonal imbalance caused by nutrient stress. | $P, N, Mg$ |
| Inhibition of Cell Division | Failure of meristematic activity leading to reduced apical dominance or root system development. | $N, K, S, Mo$ |
Step 1: Analysis of Chlorosis
Chlorosis is the most common symptom. It is caused by the lack of minerals required for the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll ($Mg^{2+}$) or those required for the enzymatic pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis ($Fe, Mn$). [By metabolic pathway regulation].
Step 2: Analysis of Necrosis
Necrosis results from the death of cells, usually following severe chlorosis or localized ion toxicity. For instance, $Ca$ deficiency leads to the death of young meristematic tissue because $Ca$ is essential for cell wall synthesis ($Calcium\ Pectate$).
Step 3: Analysis of Stunted Growth and Cell Division
Growth depends on cell division and protein synthesis. Since $N, S,$ and $P$ are structural components of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids, their deficiency results in the arrest of mitosis. [Per the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology].
Step 4: Correlation with Mineral Mobility
Deficiency symptoms depend on the mobility of the element within the plant:
- Mobile Elements ($N, P, K, Mg$): Symptoms appear first in older leaves as the plant translocates these nutrients to young, developing tissues.
- Immobile Elements ($Ca, S$): Symptoms appear first in young leaves because these elements cannot be mobilized from mature tissues.
Final Solution: The five primary deficiency symptoms are Chlorosis ($N, Mg, Fe$), Necrosis ($Ca, Mg$), Stunted Growth ($N, P$), Inhibition of Cell Division ($N, K, S$), and Premature Leaf Abscission ($P, N$). These symptoms are manifestations of impaired metabolic, structural, and catalytic functions of the specific minerals within plant physiological pathways.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Mineral Nutrition EXERCISES
- Q1: ‘All elements that are present in a plant need not be essential to its survival’. Comment.
- Q2: Why is purification of water and nutrient salts so important in studies involving mineral nutrition using hydroponics?
- Q3: Explain with examples: macronutrients, micronutrients, beneficial nutrients, toxic elements and essential elements.
- Q5: If a plant shows a symptom which could develop due to deficiency of more than one nutrient, how would you find out experimentally, the real deficient mineral element?
- Q6: Why is that in certain plants deficiency symptoms appear first in younger parts of the plant while in others they do so in mature organs?
- Q7: How are the minerals absorbed by the plants?
- Q8: What are the conditions necessary for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium. What is their role in $N_2$-fixation?
- Q9: What are the steps involved in formation of a root nodule?
- Q10(a): Which of the following statements are true? If false, correct them: (a) Boron deficiency leads to stout axis.
- Q10(b): Which of the following statements are true? If false, correct them: (b) Every mineral element that is present in a cell is needed by the cell.
- Q10(c): Which of the following statements are true? If false, correct them: (c) Nitrogen as a nutrient element, is highly immobile in the plants.
- Q10(d): Which of the following statements are true? If false, correct them: (d) It is very easy to establish the essentiality of micronutrients because they are required only in trace quantities.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Mineral Nutrition
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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