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Q4(ii):
Prove that the following functions do not have maxima or minima: (ii) $g(x) = \log x$

Solution :

Step 1: Establishing the Theoretical Framework

To determine the existence of local maxima or minima for a differentiable function $g(x)$, we employ the First Derivative Test. A necessary condition for a local extremum at a point $x = c$ in the domain of $g(x)$ is that the first derivative $g'(c)$ must be equal to zero or be undefined [Per Fermat's Theorem on Stationary Points].

Step 2: Deriving the First Derivative

The function is given as:

$g(x) = \log_e x$

The domain of this function is the set of all positive real numbers, $x \in (0, \infty)$. Differentiating $g(x)$ with respect to $x$:

$g'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(\log_e x) = \frac{1}{x}$

Step 3: Analytical Evaluation of Stationary Points

For $g(x)$ to possess a local maximum or minimum, there must exist a point $c$ such that $g'(c) = 0$. We set the derivative equal to zero:

$\frac{1}{x} = 0$

Since $\frac{1}{x}$ can never equal zero for any finite real value of $x$ [By the property of multiplicative inverses and limits as $x \to \infty$], there are no critical points in the domain $(0, \infty)$.

Step 4: Monotonicity Analysis

Because $x > 0$ for all values in the domain, it follows that:

$g'(x) = \frac{1}{x} > 0$ for all $x \in (0, \infty)$

Since the derivative is strictly positive, the function $g(x) = \log x$ is a strictly increasing function throughout its entire domain [Per the Monotonicity Theorem].

Visual Representation of the Function

x y 0 y = log(x)

Step 5: Conclusion

A function that is strictly monotonic (either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing) across its entire domain cannot change direction; therefore, it cannot attain a local maximum or a local minimum value [Per the First Derivative Test for Extrema].

Final Solution: Since $g'(x) = \frac{1}{x} \neq 0$ for any $x$ in the domain $(0, \infty)$, the function $g(x) = \log x$ has no points of local maxima or local minima.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Application of Derivatives EXERCISE 6.3


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Application of Derivatives


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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