Bhawani K.

penicillin is a fungal source of antibiotics .Apart from penicillin, the most important antibiotics from fungi are the cephalosporins (beta-lactams with similar mode of action to penicillin, but with less allergenicity) and griseofulvin (from Penicillium griseofulvum and related species) which is used to treat althlete's foot and related fungal infections

Phylum Chordata is sub-divided into the sub-phyla Protochordata and Vertebrata based on the developmental features of the notochord. Protochordata This group includes animals that have a notochord. This feature may not be present at all stages of their life cycle. Further, the notochord may not run the entire length of a protochordateâ??s body. The word â??protoâ?? means â??primitiveâ??. This indicates that protochordates are the ancestors of the modern-day chordates. General features of protochordates They are exclusively marine animals. They often live in burrows. They show an organ system level of organization and are triploblastic. The body cavity is enterocoelom. The body of a protochordate is not segmented and is bilaterally symmetrical. A notochord is present in some or all stages. Examples of protochordates: Balanoglossus,Herdmania,

It makes the study of such a wide variety of organisms easy. It projects before us a good picture of all life forms at a glance. It helps us understand the interrelationship among different groups of organisms. It serves as a base for the development of other biological sciences such as biogeography etc. Various fields of applied biology such as agriculture, public health and environmental biology depends on classification of pests, disease vectors, pathogens and components of an ecosystem.