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Q5:
What are the functions of the stomata?
Solution :
Definition and Physiological Context
Stomata are specialized microscopic pores located primarily on the epidermal surface of leaves and, occasionally, on young herbaceous stems. Structurally, each stoma is delimited by a pair of crescent-shaped cells known as guard cells, which regulate the aperture size of the pore [Per the principle of turgor-driven osmotic movement].
Functional Analysis of Stomata
The functionality of stomata is critical to the survival of terrestrial plants, operating primarily through two major biological mechanisms:
- Gas Exchange: Stomata serve as the primary conduits for the diffusion of gases between the internal leaf tissues (mesophyll) and the external atmosphere.
- $CO_2$ enters the leaf for the process of photosynthesis: $6CO_2 + 12H_2O \xrightarrow{light, chlorophyll} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 + 6H_2O$ [Per the photosynthetic equation].
- $O_2$ (a byproduct of photosynthesis) and $CO_2$ (a byproduct of cellular respiration) exit the leaf through these apertures.
- Transpiration: Stomata are the primary sites for the loss of water vapor from the plant body to the atmosphere. This process, known as transpiration, creates a "transpiration pull" or negative pressure gradient that facilitates the upward transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves via the xylem vessels [Per the Cohesion-Tension Theory].
Visual Representation of Stomatal Mechanism
Comparative Summary of Stomatal Functions
| Function | Biological Importance |
|---|---|
| Gas Exchange | Facilitates $CO_2$ intake for Carbon Fixation and $O_2$ release. |
| Transpiration | Regulates water potential and facilitates bulk flow of sap. |
| Thermo-regulation | Evaporative cooling of leaf surfaces during high-temperature conditions. |
Final Solution: The primary functions of stomata include the regulation of gas exchange (intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release of oxygen) and the control of transpiration (water vapor loss), which is essential for nutrient transport and temperature regulation in plants.
More Questions from Class 9 Science Tissues Exercises
- Q1: Define the term “tissue”.
- Q2: How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
- Q3: How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
- Q4: Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
- Q6: Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
- Q7: What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?
- Q8: Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
- Q9: Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.
- Q10(a): Name the following. (a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
- Q10(b): Name the following. (b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
- Q10(c): Name the following. (c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
- Q10(d): Name the following. (d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
- Q10(e): Name the following. (e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
- Q10(f): Name the following. (f) Tissue present in the brain.
- Q11: Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
- Q12: Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
- Q13: What is the role of epidermis in plants?
- Q14: How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
- Q15: Complete the following chart:
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Tissues
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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