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Q7:
Name two cell-organelles that are double membrane bound. What are the characteristics of these two organelles? State their functions and draw labelled diagrams of both.
Solution :
Identification of Double Membrane-Bound Organelles
The two primary cell organelles bounded by double membranes in eukaryotic cells are:
- Mitochondria (The powerhouse of the cell).
- Chloroplasts (The site of photosynthesis in plants and algae).
Characteristics and Functional Analysis
| Organelle | Structural Characteristics | Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondria | Double membrane: Outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane forms folds called cristae [Increasing surface area]. Contains $70S$ ribosomes and circular DNA [Endosymbiotic Theory]. | Aerobic respiration and synthesis of $ATP$ (Adenosine Triphosphate). |
| Chloroplast | Double membrane: Contains a stroma (fluid matrix) and thylakoids stacked into grana. Contains chlorophyll pigments and DNA. | Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (glucose). |
Diagrammatic Representations
Detailed Functional Mechanisms
- Mitochondria: The inner membrane space contains enzymes for the Kreb's cycle. The $ATP$ synthase complexes located on the cristae facilitate oxidative phosphorylation [Chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis].
- Chloroplast: The thylakoid membranes house Photosystems I and II, which capture photons to split water ($H_2O$) and release oxygen ($O_2$), while the stroma hosts the Calvin Cycle to fix $CO_2$ into carbohydrates.
Final Solution: The two double-membrane-bound organelles are the Mitochondria (responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production) and the Chloroplast (responsible for photosynthesis). Both are semi-autonomous organelles possessing their own DNA and 70S ribosomes.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Cell – The Unit of Life EXERCISES
- Q1: Which of the following is not correct?
- Q2: New cells generate from
- Q3: Match the following Column I Column II (a) Cristae (i) Flat membranous sacs in stroma (b) Cisternae (ii) Infoldings in mitochondria (c) Thylakoids (iii) Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
- Q4: Which of the following is correct:
- Q5: What is a mesosome in a prokaryotic cell? Mention the functions that it performs.
- Q6: How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polar molecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are these transported across the membrane?
- Q8: What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
- Q9: Multicellular organisms have division of labour. Explain.
- Q10: Cell is the basic unit of life. Discuss in brief.
- Q11: What are nuclear pores? State their function.
- Q12: Both lysosomes and vacuoles are endomembrane structures, yet they differ in terms of their functions. Comment.
- Q13(i): Describe the structure of the following with the help of labelled diagrams. (i) Nucleus
- Q13(ii): Describe the structure of the following with the help of labelled diagrams. (ii) Centrosome
- Q14: What is a centromere? How does the position of centromere form the basis of classification of chromosomes. Support your answer with a diagram showing the position of centromere on different types of chromosomes.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Cell – The Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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