For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

(c) 

Why is a solution of potassium hydroxide used to absorb carbon dioxide evolved during the estimation of carbon present in an organic compound?

Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case. (c) Chromatography

For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

(b) 

Identify the one which on reaction with carboxylic acid at high temperatures give eater

Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. (d) $(CH_3)_3C– CH_2OH + HBr \rightarrow (CH_3)_2CBrCH_2CH_2CH_3 + H_2O$

What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation ?

Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds. (c) H–CH=CH2

Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles: (a) $CH_3COOH + HO^– \rightarrow CH_3COO^–+H_2O$

Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation. (a) $C_6H_5OH$

Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. (c) $CH_3CH_2Br + HO^– \rightarrow CH_2 = CH_2 + H_2O + Br^–$

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds : (f) $Cl_2CHCH_2OH$

Why is it necessary to use acetic acid and not sulphuric acid for acidification of sodium extract for testing sulphur by lead acetate test?

Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.

Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

(a)   

Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens?

What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures ? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors ?

(c) 

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds : (c) 

Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case. (a) Crystallisation

An organic compound contains 69% carbon and 4.8% hydrogen, the remainder being oxygen. Calculate the masses of carbon dioxide and water produced when 0.20 g of this substance is subjected to complete combustion.