Describe the hybridisation in case of $PCl_5$. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds?

Define the bond length.

The skeletal structure of $CH_3COOH$ as shown below is correct, but some of the bonds are shown incorrectly. Write the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid.

Draw diagrams showing the formation of a double bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms in $C_2H_4$ and $C_2H_2$ molecules.

Write the significance of a plus and a minus sign shown in representing the orbitals.

Is there any change in the hybridisation of B and N atoms as a result of the following reaction?

 

Draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions : $H_2S$, $SiCl_4$, $BeF_2$, $CO_3^{2-}$, $HCOOH$

Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the $CO_3^{2-}$ ion.

Apart from tetrahedral geometry, another possible geometry for $CH_4$ is square planar with the four H atoms at the corners of the square and the C atom at its centre. Explain why $CH_4$ is not square planar ?

Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules? (c) $CH_3-CH_2-OH$

Which out of $NH_3$ and $NF_3$ has higher dipole moment and why ?

Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.

Explain the formation of a chemical bond.

Use Lewis symbols to show electron transfer between the following atoms to form cations and anions : (b) Ca and O

What do you understand by bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons? Illustrate by giving one exmaple of each type.

Explain why $BeH_2$ molecule has a zero dipole moment although the Be–H bonds are polar.

What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecules? (b) $C_2H_4$

Although geometries of $NH_3$ and $H_2O$ molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that of ammonia. Discuss.

Write Lewis dot symbols for atoms of the following elements : Mg, Na, B, O, N, Br.

Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules? (e) $CH_3COOH$