A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further, 18 g of water is then added to the solution and the new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate:
(ii) vapour pressure of water at 298 K.

Define the following terms:
(ii) Molality

Define the following terms:
(iii) Molarity

If the density of some lake water is 1.25g \(mL^{-1}\) and contains 92 g of \(Na^{+}\) ions per kg of water, calculate the molarity of \(Na^{+}\) ions in the lake.

Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example.

Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when 10 g of \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CHClCOOH\) is added to 250 g of water. \(K_{a} = 1.4 \times 10^{-3}\), \(K_{f} = 1.86\) K kg \(mol^{-1}\).

Define the following terms:
(iv) Mass percentage.

Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(iv) methanol and acetone

Concentrated nitric acid used in laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density of the solution is 1.504 g \(mL^{-1}\)?

19.5 g of \(CH_{2}FCOOH\) is dissolved in 500 g of water. The depression in the freezing point of water observed is 1.00 C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid.

Give an example of a solid solution in which the solute is a gas.

Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(iii) \(NaClO_{4}\) and water

Gas	KH/k bar
Ar	40.3
CO2	1.67
HCHO	1.83 × 10−5
CH4	0.413

where K_H is Henry's Law constant in water. The order of their solubility in water is :

What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and how is the sign of \(\Delta_{mix}H\) related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law?

Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(i) n-hexane and n-octane

An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?

Determine the amount of \(CaCl_{2}\) (\(i\) = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27° C.

Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(ii) \(I_{2}\) and \(CCl_{4}\)

The partial pressure of ethane over a solution containing \(6.56 \times 10^{-3}\) g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains \(5.00 \times 10^{-2}\) g of ethane, then what shall be the partial pressure of the gas?