IBPS SO Updates

Presentation Perfect Reports.

Why Presentable, neatly crafted Reports makes a job more perfect and easy for Business Analyst who is going make decisions out of the information structured in reports.

Many times we see reports created in an untidy manner, no attention to the design of the stories, no uniformity. Sending the data in reports is not just the job of Data Analyst/MIS but presenting it into to neat tabular format with highlighting essential facts with colored flags or coloring the rows or columns that will undoubtedly help to set eye on crucial details such as ,totals, subtotals, profit-loss etc without spanning too much attention on large reports. These colouring aspects help in filtering the rows of data, saving much time. As colours make your life colourful and add beauty so does the colours in your reports adding advantage making your life easier.

Many times people complain that colouring makes the file heavy, its a myth. The first basic standard is to limit the data that you add to the report. Most of the time amount of size is the deciding factor of precisely how files respond to your command. Remove the formula where it can be removed. So the record does not have to recalculate and make it time

Moreover taking care of cells reflecting errors, e.g. #DIV division by zero OR #N/A are the standard error that appears even though the formula is logically correct, we can not avoid this errors, but we can definitely hide them so that it does not give an awful look to our report making it dull and boring. There are options through which we can protect this errors and get rid of the obstacle in creating a classic looking presentation.

Another aspect is on deciding the Font and its size. A standard font and its size,pre-decided by a team of Data-Analyst can play a vital role. Many organisation or Dept decide on font and its size as part of the policy that standardises there reporting formats. So all the reports look uniform that acts as the add-on to the presentation.

Next comes alignment of data, proper alignment of data makes data look more structured in appearance. Capitalising the first letter is always a good habit of creating reports. Wherever you see the first letter names of people, places, products are not obtained then kindly capitalise them that looks rationale.

Creating presentable and refined reports goes into the long way in how people perceive your work. Its positively reflects your buoyant attitude.

If I have missed any points or you have anything which you like to add from your end, can contribute to this small article.

Hope, so it helped you.

COMPANY LAW
CHP - 1

COMPANY = COM + PANIS

It is called a body corporate because the persons comprising it are made into a single entity by incorporating it according to the law and clothing it with legal personality.

The word ‘corporation’ is derived from the Latin term ‘corpus’ which means ‘body’. Accordingly, ‘corporation’ is a legal person created by a process other than natural birth. It is, for this reason, sometimes called the artificial juridical person. As a legal person, a corporation is capable of enjoying many rights and incurring many liabilities of a natural person.

U/s 2(20) COMPANY MEANS INCORPORATED UNDER THIS ACT OR ANY PREVIOUS ACT.

Characteristics of company

Corporate personality: So redundant bears own name/ under own name/ separate property from members
incurring debts, borrowing money, employ people, have to Bank a/c.

CASE LAW:
Salomon vs Salomon and Co Ltd. – 1897 (Salomon, four sons, wife & daughter -$ 38782, 20K shares/10K debs secured with floating charge/ 8782 cash, creditors claimed but lordship of the house of lords observed.)

Lee vs Lee Air farming Ltd. - 1961(the same person can be employee & owner)

Kandoli tea Co Ltd. (1882)(transferred TEA estate to claim exemption from ad Valero)

New Horizon Ltd vs Union of India (1994):: Experience of shareholder are generally not consider but in this case ARUN PURIEE & TPI ltd, LMI ltd & WM Ltd + IIP Ltd (Singapore) tender for telephone directory – evaluation committee refused – Delhi HC upheld -=- Supreme court reversed

Artificial Person: enjoy rights & obligation of duties::--Union bank of India VsKhader international construction & Others: indigent Person Order 33 rule 1 CPC1908

Not citizen: Rights of shareholder not impugned with action against the company: RC COOPER vs UOI

Bennet Coleman co vs UOI: SC observed if fundamental rights of a shareholder are impaired by state legislation their power as shareholders are protected.
Has Nationality and Residence: GaaqueVs Inland water revenue commissioners (1940) &
Tulika v Parry & Co (1903) place of registration + residence & domicile
JV company resides where it meets in general presence of persons who represent it.

Limited Liability: Buckley, J in London& globe finance Corporation (1903)observed in last 50 yrs legislation of limited liability has done well to the economy
Exceptions of Limited liability:

Section 3(2)(c) : Unlimited Lia. Co
Section 7(7) : fraudulent doc for incorporation
Section 35(3): Fraudulent Prospectus
Section 75(1): Deposit
Section 224(5): During Investigation by an officer
Section 339(1): During winding up
Section 251(1): Fraudulently removal of the name

Perpetual Succession: LCB Gower ( Hydrogen Bomb)

Separate Property: Member even doesn’t have an insurable interest in property of the company.
Bacha f Guzdar V income tax commissioner(1955)
SC observed that tea company to have 60% exemption in its income but not shareholders
Transferability of shares: re Balia and San Francisco Railway co (1968), Section 44 provides that shares held by members are moveable property in the manner provided by AOA if AOA is silent that by TABLE F Schedule 1.

Capacity to sue and be sued: TVS Employees Fed. V TVS & Sons Ltd. : workers allowed to realise film of their struggle
LalitSurajmalKanodia v Office Tiger Database India (Pvt) Ltd ( 2006) co not liable for contempt by officers

Contractual Rights: shareholder cannot enforce any contract nor derive benefit not a party to contract, co is not a trustee of shareholders and shareholder cannot be sued for deals by the company.
British Thompson Huston co. v Sterling Accessories Ltd (1924)

Limitation of action MOA AOA

Separate Management:

Voluntary association for profit

Termination of existence
It is the Easiest way to grab the company's characteristics. Just look out for more lessons.

Join my classes and surety if you learn with our way, you 'll never forget company law. Just copy to your mobile and study when in hush in the metro.

I have designed such notes to enable you to understand easily not only mugging.

All the best for your upcoming exams and concentrate on studying ICSI course book.

Earlier Law was classified broadly into two categories first one civil law and the second one criminal law. But the philosopher like Austin etc. are not agreed with this concept, so a globalisation approach to classifying the Law was adopted and according to that Law can be classified into the following two categories.

1.International Law

2. Municipal Law

Further International Law can be classified into two categories

1. Public Law- There is some etiquette between two countries or more than two countries that should be followed accordingly.

2 Private law - It is between any sovereign country and a party

Municipal Law is based on the Law which is in the territory of any Nation.It can be classified into three categories

1. Constitutional Law- That describes the nature of the three organs of a country, i.e. Legislative Judiciary and Executive

2. Administrative law- It describes the relationship between different government bodies. How they have to function in inter-ministerial work

3. Criminal Law- If a person intentionally or not intentionally doing any act of crime then he is dangerous to our social system So criminal Law is very Important

Apart from the above the law there is the various law that depends on place time custom etc. but the primary motive of an act should be that it reflects the spirit of the common man.

I have almost 6 years of exp in .net technology but i am.interested in front end development. I can say web development. Can I change my domain and survive in IT industry

Hope you read our previous note about the basic concept of python-decorators, if not, please read first

Let see what are the possible ways to utilise the decorators in real time.

Well, here we are going to learn the important 3 parameters passing into the decorator

1) Passing parameter to the decorator
2) passing the function as a parameter to the decorator
3) passing parameter to the function which we are passing to the decorator

DECORATOR FUNCTION - Usually kept hidden from the programmer as part of framework,
and, allow the programmer import this file to use

def moneyConversion(ConvertInto, InvestmentAmount):
moneyValue = {'USD': 61, 'SGD': 55, 'AUD': 51, 'DIRHAM': 18}
def Wrapper(InterstCalculator): #Wrapper is not a keyword, we can have any name for this method
if ConvertInto:
amount = InterstCalculator(InvestmentAmount)
newMoney = {}
for person in amount:
newMoney[person] = amount[person] / moneyValue[ConvertInto]
print newMoney
return Wrapper

InvestmentAmount = {'christ':1000,'Guna':5000, 'Rita': 1500, 'Habib': 3500, 'David': 5000}

interestRate = 6 # 6% (but we are not using this variable anywhere)

# It is our usual function that find the interest(amount*6/100) amount for the investors money
@moneyConversion('USD',InvestmentAmount)
def findInterest(Amount):
interestAmount = {}
for investor in Amount:
interestAmount[investor] = Amount[investor]*6/100
return interestAmount

What can we understand from the above example?

1) @moneyConversion('USD', InvestmentAmount) - This is the way we can pass a parameter to the decorator

2) The function(findInterest) will be passed to the Wrapper function which exists in the decorator
     i.e., InterstCalculator = findInterest

3) Finally, we are extending the functionality of find interest into converting the INR to other Currencies

4) Decorator plays an important role in Framework development like Flask, Django, Robot                 

    Framework, etc.,

TESCO

Tesco is the leading United Kingdom retailer, with a turnover of more than £42.6Billion in 2007. It has nearly 1,800 branches in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom and 638 stores in Central Europe and 636 branches in the Far East. There are 65,000 stock keeping units based on the store size as Tesco widens its dominance in the non-food market. This enormous range is supported by more than 3000 suppliers providing high-end service of at least 98.5 % by supplying to Tesco within a short duration. Yearly, 2.5 billion cases of products are delivered from suppliers to stores. The mission of the Tesco is to give value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Maximum on-shelf availability and a broad variety of products are the key aspects of the mission.

Tesco is using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to place an order from nearly 2500 of its suppliers since 1980s. In the early 1990s, it started using its Electronic Data Interchange network to assist its supplier’s for improved forecast demand. Nearly 1200 suppliers will receive the Electronic Data Interchange messages with information’s regarding the exact store demand, Warehouse stock details and weekly sales forecasts, thus implementing Supply chain strategy alignment to reduce Bullwhip effect in the early 90s itself.

What makes Tesco Lean?

In the 2000s, Tesco followed the lean supply chain strategy model to reduce waste in the supply chain. The ordering system for replacement was depended on customer demand. The supplier has made agreements with Tesco to support JIT environment and technology developments. Tesco enabled online shopping for their customers and to measure performances effectively steering wheel and Balance scorecard were introduced. Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) was employed to fasten the supply chain.

The three main functions of United Kingdom-based Tesco are:

•     Distribution: the operations and support task of managing Tesco’s distribution centres, and the distribution of products from the DCs to the associated stores;
•     Network and capacity planning: the task of implementing and planning sufficient capacity in the supply chain. This is to ensure that the right products can be procured in the right quantities now and in the future;
•     Supply chain development: the task of improving Tesco’s supply chain so that its processes are stable and in control, that it is efficient, and that it is correctly structured to meet the logistics needs of information flow and material flow.

TESCO’s Supply Chain - SWOT Analysis

Strength

•     Leading supermarket in the United Kingdom.
•     Financial power is very strong
•     Expanded in 12 countries
•     Updating innovations and technology
•     Loyalty plans

Weaknesses

•     Expansion of business minimised the focus on core business
•     Concentrated more only in UK markets
•     More logistics cost.
•     Lack of experience in tablet and smartphones markets.
•     Too many insurance claims

Factors behind the decline of Tesco

The main reason for the decline in the performance of Tesco relies on many factors, both internal and external. Externally, the global financial crisis had a downbeat influence on earnings and hastens the increase of polarised custom, which makes Tesco to offer promotions like three- for- two, half priced products etc., The buying habit of consumers was changed as they prefer online shopping. Internally, some factors may have contributed to losing sight of their customer. These include an over-focus on technological changes and too much emphasis on extended supply chains, where low cost is chased through efficiency at the expense of effective provision of provenance and erosion of core values, which undermined customers’ trust.

Tesco Failure in the United States

In the year 2007, Tesco with an initial investment of £250 million per year entered United States grocery market. In early 2013, it has sold the majority of its business to Yucaipa, a United States investor. Some studies revealed the reason for the failure was that Tesco had taken much inappropriate entry and operational strategies. The wholly owned subsidiary is another key factor for failure of Tesco in the US. Some other suggested Tesco lacked cultural adoption and made the US customers to shop like UK customer (Tesco's American dream, 2008). The self-service checkout is the lacking place in customer service.

Recommendations to improve supply chain

The shopping trend of the customer has been migrated towards online shopping. The online shopping giant Asda grabs the customer of Tesco, and it eventually results in weak sales. Hence it is vital to have an online business. Trust of the customer is considered as the competitive advantage. Asda,  WalMart Stores UK  expands its online, pick-up and delivery services is the secret sauce that develops its online grocery presence. Asda is the second largest retail chain in the United Kingdom with a market share of 17.5% in 2009.

Tesco provides more quality products at reasonable price thereby follow the concept of “Value for Money”. ASDA, on the other hand, provides lowest prices in the market and supplied cheap price products.

The frequency of customer complaints grades the Quality of service. Tesco is getting complaints from a customer about its product, service and home delivery. To maintain its global position, Tesco has to improve secure loyal customer and services. Asda is a customer-focused concern with a caring nature and keeps a genuine interest in what customers feel and think. As a division of its promotional strategy, it presents a variety of “retailments” for customers like firework parties, skating nights and drive-in movies.

To avoid failure in the supply chain, Tesco should follow demand forecasting method. It can be recommended to implement moving average forecast for the period of 1 day, four days and 7 days and a weighted combination of these three moving average are clubbed into a single forecast using the coefficient of reactivity. For instance, Milk is having steady demand, and it is assigned more weightage of 1 and weightage 7 is assigned to ice creams as it is seasonal demand. A manager should be assigned to supervise every product category to review the coefficient of reactivity. The forecast should be regulated according to seasonality, weather reports, special occasions, national holidays and events.

Accounting is the language of business. The objective of such language is to communicate information which is useful for varied category of people. Collectively we call them as “Users of financial statements”. Day by day, users of financial statement getting expanded, here is the list of “Users” which can be remembered in our Traditional “A,B, C, D .. Format.